• Reference Sources
• Finding Works about African Americans
  in EUCLID (the library catalog)
• Databases
  • Anthropology
  • Art and Architecture
  • Caribbean/Latin American Studies
  • Economics
  • Education
  • Film Studies
  • Gender Studies
  • History
  • Linguistics
  • Literature
  • Music
  • Philosophy
  • Political Science
  • Psychology
  • Public Policy
  • Religion
  • Sociology
  • Women's studies
• Multidisciplinary Databases
• Newspapers
• Primary Sources
• Biographical Resources
• Internet Sources
• Citing Sources and Managing Citations

Research Guides

• Harvard Guide to African-American History
  Reference E185 .H326 2001
  An extremely useful guide to the most important scholarship across the spectrum of African-American history. Provides bibliographic essays and lists of works arranged topically (including bibliographies and reference works, Internet resources, manuscript and microform collections, newspapers and periodicals, government publications, and more) and chronologically.

• Black Saga : The African American Experience
  Reference E185 .C519 1995
  
• Timelines of African-American History : 500 Years of Black Achievement
  Reference E185 .C875 1994
  
• The Timetables of African-American History : A Chronology of the Most Important People and Events in African-American History
  Reference: E185 .H295 1995
  
• Pan-African Chronology : A Comprehensive Reference to the Black Quest for Freedom in Africa, the Americas, Europe, and Asia
  Reference E185.18 .J46 1996
  
• The Atlas of African-American History and Politics : From the Slave Trade to Modern Times
  Reference E185 .S574 1998

• Africana : The Encyclopedia of the African and African American Experience
  Reference DT14 .A37435 2005
  
• Encyclopedia of Black America
  Reference E185 .E55
  
• Encyclopedia of African-American Civil Rights : From Emancipation to the Present
  Reference E185.61 .E54 1992
  
• Dictionary of Afro-American Slavery
  Reference E441 .D53 1997
  
• Encyclopedia of African American Religions
  Reference BR563 .N4 E53 1993
  
• Dictionary of Afro-Latin American Civilization
  Reference F1408.3 .N86
  
• Encyclopedia of African-American Culture and History
  Reference E185 .E54 1996
  
• The Greenwood Encyclopedia of African American Civil Rights : From Emancipation to the Twenty-first Century
  Reference E185.61 .E54 2003
  
• Historical Dictionary of the Civil Rights Movement
  Reference E185.61 .L84 1997
  

• Black Demographic Data, 1790-1860: A Sourcebook
  E185.18 .C73 1997
  
• Black Americans : A Statistical Sourcebook
  Reference E185.5 .B512 2003
  
• Historical statistics of Black America
  Reference E185 .H543 1995 V.1-2
  
• Statistical Record of Black America
  Reference Desk E185.5 .S83

EUCLID subject headings for works about African Americans

• The following links take you directly to a current list of publications owned by Emory Libraries. However, you may use these headings in WorldCat, RLIN, or any other library catalog:

Finding primary sources via EUCLID

• Look for works by individuals, associations, or other groups directly involved with the topic you are researching by searching for their names as authors.
• Look for works about an event published at the time of the event by limiting a Complex search to the pubyears surrounding the event.
• Complex searches may be limited by location to SPECIALCOL to retrieve records for manuscript collections, rare books, and other materials housed in Special Collections.
• Complex searches may also be limited by location to MICROFORMS to retrieve records for microform collections, which often contain valuable primary source materials.
• The following subheadings, used with your subject, may identify useful source material:

Unlike library catalogs, many article databases do not use "African-Americans" as the subject heading, index term, or descriptor. The headings vary depending on the database and range from "African-Americans" or "Afro-Americans" to "Blacks" or "Black Americans," and sometimes "Negroes." To ascertain the correct subject heading in a database, do a keyword search and look at the headings assigned to the citation. Or, refer to the Subject Searching for African American Studies handout.

Use the Database Locator or other relevant Subject and Course Guides to identify additional databases.

• Anthropology
  • Anthropology Plus
    Coverage: Late 19th Century to present
    Brings together into one resource Anthropological Literature and Anthropological Index. Indexes journals, books, and essays on anthropology and archaeology, including art history, demography, economics, psychology, and religious studies. Coverage is international, with emphasis on material published in English and other European languages.
    
    
• Art & Architecture
  • Art Abstracts
    Coverage: September 1984 to present
    
  • Art Index Retrospective
    Coverage: 1929-1984
    Art Index covers 404 art publications from around the world. Subjects covered include: archaeology, architecture, art history, city planning, crafts, landscape architecture, film, fine arts, folk art, graphic arts, industrial design, interior design, and photography.
    
  • ARTbibliographies Modern
    Coverage: 1974 to present
    Abstracts an international selection of journal articles, books, essays, exhibition catalogs, dissertations, and exhibition reviews on all aspects of art and design since 1900. Photography is covered since its invention in 1839. Coverage includes literature on painting, printmaking, sculpture, drawing, performance art, installation works, video art, computer and electronic art, body art, graffiti, artists' books, theater arts, crafts, jewelry, and illustration.
    
  • Avery Index to Architectural Periodicals
    Coverage: 1860 to present
    Indexes journals published in the fields of architecture, architectural history and design, archaeology, interior design, furniture and decoration, landscape architecture, historic preservation, and city planning.
    
  • Bibliography of the History of Art
    Coverage: 1973 to present
    Contains records describing the current literature of art, including books, exhibition catalogs, dissertations, and journal articles in more than 2,500 periodicals.
    

• Caribbean/Latin American Studies
  • Handbook of Latin American Studies
    Coverage: 1935 to present
    A selective bibliography on Latin America. Indexes journals, books and book chapters, and conference papers in the social sciences and humanities.
    
  • Hispanic American Periodicals Index
    Coverage: 1970 to present
    Includes information about Latin Americans in Central and South America, Mexico, the Caribbean basin, the United States-Mexico border region, and Hispanics in the United States. Topics include politics and government, business, economic development and policy issues, gender studies, environmental issues, history, anthropology, religion, art, literature, drama, and film.
• Economics
  • EconLit
    Coverage: 1969 to present
    An expanded version of The Journal of Economic Literature and the Index of Economic Articles. It is a worldwide, indexed bibliography with selected abstracts on economics from major journals, books, dissertations, and collective volumes.
• Education
  • ERIC
    Coverage: 1966 to present
    Indexes published and unpublished sources on all aspects of education and educational research.
    
  • Education Abstracts
    Coverage: June 1983 to present
    Indexes English language periodicals and encompasses all aspects of education including administration, teaching methods, and curriculum.
    
• Film Studies
  • FIAF International Film Archive Database
    Coverage: 1972-present
    
  • Film Literature Index
    Coverage: 1973 to present
    Reference Z5784 .M9F45 (available in print only)
    
  • Also, use multidisciplinary databases and refer to the Film Studies Research Guide for additional film studies sources.
    
• Gender Studies
  • GenderWatch
    Coverage: 1970s to present
    Description: Provides publications that focus on the impact of gender across a broad spectrum of subject areas.
    
  • Sexual Diversity Studies: Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual and Transgender Abstracts
    Coverage: 1997 to present
    Indexes popular and scholarly materials in print and electronic formats about the Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual & Transgender community. Focus is the history, culture, interests and concerns of the GLBT community.
    
    
• History
  • America: History and Life
    Coverage: 1964 - present
    The major current indexing service for United States history. Indexes articles from 1964 to the present, and book reviews and dissertations from 1974 to the present.
    
  • American Slavery: A Composite Autobiography
    Includes the life histories of former American slaves and the transcripts of actual slave interviews conducted by individuals working for the U.S. Works Progress Administration (WPA) from 1936 to 1938.
    
  • Historical Abstracts
    Coverage: 1955 - present
    Covers the history of the world,excluding the United States and Canada, from 1450 to the present. Indexes articles, books and dissertations.
    
    
• Linguistics
  • Linguistics & Language Behavior Abstracts
    Coverage: 1973 - present
    Assists both generalists and specialists in keeping abreast of cutting-edge developments in disciplines concerned with the nature and use of language. The database covers all aspects of the study of language including phonetics, phonology, morphology, syntax and semantics. Complete coverage is also given to various fields of linguistics including descriptive, historical, comparative, theoretical and geographical linguistics.
    

• Literature
  • MLA International Bibliography
    Coverage: 1963 - present
    Indexes critical scholarship on literature, language, linguistics, and folklore. Coverage includes journal articles, series, monographs, dissertations, bibliographies, proceedings, and other materials.
    
  • ABELL Literature Online
    Coverage: 1920 - 2001
    The Annual Bibliography of English Language and Literature (ABELL) contains over 783,000 records covering monographs, periodical articles, critical editions of literary works, book reviews, collections of essays and doctoral dissertations published anywhere in the world from 1920 onwards.
    
  • Literature Online
    Coverage: 1990 - present
    Criticism and reference works for British and American poetry, drama and prose.
    
  • Literature Resource Center
    Coverage: Varies
    Provides access to biographies, bibliographies and critical analysis of authors from every age and literary discipline. Includes articles from Contemporary Authors, Contemporary Literary Criticism, Dictionary of Literary Biography, and much more.
    
    
• Music
  • International Index to Music Periodicals
    Coverage: 1874 to present
    Indexes current international music periodicals and retrospective citations from periodicals dating back as far as 1874.
    
  • RILM Abstracts of Music Literature
    Coverage: 1969 to present
    Indexes journals, books, bibliographies, catalogs, dissertations, films and videos, and conference proceedings in international music. Encompasses historical musicology, ethnomusicology, instruments and voice, librarianship, dance, and music therapy.
    
    
• Philosophy
  • Philosopher's Index
    Coverage: 1940 to present
    Indexes books and journals in philosophy and related fields. It covers the areas of ethics, aesthetics, social philosophy, political philosophy, epistemology, metaphysics, and logic as well as material on the philosophy of law.
    
    
• Political Science
  • International Political Science Abstracts
    Coverage: 1989 to present
    Indexes political science periodicals published worldwide.
    
  • Worldwide Political Science Abstracts
    Coverage: 1975 to present
    Indexes international serial literature in political science and its complementary fields including international relations, law, and public administration/policy. Replaces ABC Pol Sci. Also includes the backfiles from Political Science Abstracts.
    
    
• Psychology
  • PsycINFO
    Coverage: 1887 to present
    Indexes journals, books, book chapters, dissertations, and reports in psychology and related disciplines.
    
    
• Public Policy
  • PAIS (Public Affairs Information Service)
    Coverage: 1971 to present
    Indexes books, periodicals and selected local, state, national, and international government documents in the areas of public policy, social policy and the social sciences.
    Print edition: Reference Z7163 .P92 (1915 - present)
    
    
• Religion
  • ATLA Religion Database
    Coverage: 1949 to present
    Indexes journals, essays in multi-author works, and book reviews in the areas of religion and theology.
    
    
• Sociology
  • Sociological Abstracts
    Coverage: 1963 to Present
    Indexes sociology and sociological topics in anthropology, economics, education, medicine, community development, philosophy, demography, political science and social psychology.
    
    
• Women's Studies
  • Contemporary Women's Issues
    Coverage: 1992 to present
    Covers global information on women from journals, newsletters, research reports from non-profit groups, government and international agencies. Information on women is available in the disciplines of sociology, psychology, law, health, education, and business.
    
  • Women's Studies International
    Coverage: 1972 to present
    Includes records drawn from a variety of women's studies databases. Indexes all aspects
    of women's issues, e.g., reproductive rights, feminist theory and history.

• Academic Search Premier
  Coverage: 1984 to present
  Indexes scholarly journals in the social sciences, business, humanities, general science, multi-cultural studies, and education.
  
• Alternative Press Index
  Coverage: 1991 to present
  Indexes alternative, radical, and left publications, which report and analyze the practices and theories of cultural, economic, political, and social change. Topics include African American Studies, American Indians/Native Americans, Gay/Lesbian Studies, socialism, and labor history.
  Print edition: Reference AI3 .A6 (1969 - present)
• American Periodicals Series Online
  Coverage: 1740 - early 20th century
  Includes full text of American periodicals from the colonial period through the beginning of the 20th century.
  
• Black Studies on Disc - available in the InformationCommons via non-web databases folder
  Coverage: 1988-2002
  Indexes scholarly and popular periodicals in African American studies. Black Studies on Disc also includes provides access to the cumulative catalog of the Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture. The Schomburg catalog contains references for African American, African, and African Diasporan studies. The Index to Black Periodicals is available in print ( Reference AI3 .O4).
  
• Early American Imprints, Series I. Evans
  Coverage: 1639-1800
  Based on Charles Evans' American Bibliography, this database contains digitized versions of over 36,000 works published in the United States. A major resource for information about every aspect of life in pre-1800 America.
  
• Essay and General Literature Index
  Coverage: 1985 to present
  Indexes essays and other writings contained in collections of essays and other works published in the United States, Great Britain and Canada. Focuses on humanities and social sciences literature, including the areas of archaeology, architecture, art, children's literature, classical studies, classics, drama, economics, fiction, film, folklore, gender studies, history, linguistics, literature criticism, music, poetry, political science, popular culture, religion, and women's studies.
  Print edition: Reference AI3 .E75 (1900-date)
  
• FRANCIS
  Coverage: 1984 to present
  Indexes journals, books, dissertations, and other American and European sources covering the humanities, social sciences, and economics, and is strong in religion, the history of art, and literature, with particular emphasis on current trends in European and world literature.
  
• Humanities Abstracts
  Coverage: 1984 to present
  Social Sciences Abstracts
  Coverage: 1984 to present
  These databases provide citations and abstracts to articles in scholarly journals in the humanities and the social sciences. For earlier years, the following print editions of these resources are very useful:
  International Index (1907-1965) Reference AI3 .I51
  Social Sciences and Humanities Index (1966-1974) Reference AI3 .I51
  Humanities Index (1975 to present) Reference AI3 .I52
  Social Sciences Index (1975 to present) Reference AI3 .I53
  
  
• International Index to Black Periodicals
  Coverage: Varies
  IIBP Full Text includes current and retrospective bibliographic citations and abstracts from scholarly journals and newsletters from the United States, Africa and the Caribbean--and full-text coverage of core Black Studies periodicals.” Covers cultural, economic, historical, religious, social, and political issues of vital importance to the Black Studies discipline. Full-text coverage of over 30 core Black Studies journals (most titles full-text coverage begins 1998 to present).
  
• JSTOR
  Coverage: Varies
  JSTOR (Journal Storage Project) contains the complete text of more than 100 prominent scholarly journals in history, literature, political science, and other fields. Not only is the text of all articles available online but every word of every article in all journals can be searched. Some titles go back to the nineteenth century but most end in the mid-nineties.
  
• Left Index
  Coverage: 1990 to present
  Provides access to literature on the left, with a primary emphasis on politically and culturally engaged scholarship inside and outside the academy and a secondary emphasis on significant but little known sources of news and ideas. Topics covered include politics, economics, the labor movement, ecology and environment, women's studies, race and ethnicity, social and cultural theory, sociology, art and aesthetics, philosophy, history, education, law, and globalization.
  
• Periodicals Contents Index
  An electronic index to millions of articles published in 4,079 periodicals in the humanities and social sciences. PCI is unique in combining a broad subject base with deep chronological coverage going back over 200 years. PCI currently indexes over 13 million articles since the eighteenth century and every article in each journal is indexed. Over two centuries of scholarly publication in 40 languages and dialects are indexed, including English, French, German, Italian, Spanish and other Western languages.
  
• Poole's Plus
  Coverage: 1802 to 1906
  Provides access to the major 19th century periodical indexes, including Poole's Index, Stead's Index, Richardson's Index to periodicals in Religion, and the Cumulative Index to a Selected List of Periodicals. Indexes journals in the arts, history, religion, philosophy, the social sciences, and the sciences.
  Print edition: Reference AI3 .P7
  
• Project Muse
  Coverage: Varies
  Provides access to scholarly journals published by major university presses. Project MUSE covers the fields of literature and criticism, history, the visual and performing arts, cultural studies, education, political science, gender studies, and many others.
  
• Readers' Guide Retrospective
  Coverage: 1890 - 1982
  Great index to U.S. popular and general interest magazines of the 20th century.
  
• Research Library GALILEO Edition
  Coverage: 1971 to present
  Covers publications from academic journals and popular magazines in the humanities, social sciences, general sciences, and business. Full text of many, but not all, of the articles is provided.
  
• ScienceDirect
  Coverage: Varies
  Provides access to full-text of journals in social sciences and humanities titles in addition to science, technology and medicine.
  
• Social Sciences Abstracts (see details under Humanities Abstracts)
  
• Web of Science
  Coverage: 1975 to present
  A collection of multidisciplinary citation databases, Social Sciences Citation Index, and the Arts & Humanities Citation Index .These are indexed so that you can search for specific articles by subject, author, journal, and/or author address. Because the information stored about each article includes the article's cited reference list (often called its bibliography), you can also search the databases for articles that cite a known author or work.

Many of Woodruff Library's newspapers are available on microfilm. To find newspapers by title, geographic area, or time period, use Woodruff Library's African American Newspapers List or the Woodruff Library Newspaper List.

• Indexes to African American Newspapers
• Index to Black Newspapers, 1977 to present (Reference AI3 .I443)
• Kaiser Index to Black Resources, 1948-1986 (Reference Z1361 .N39 K34)
• Full Text Newspapers Online
• Accessible Archives includes the full text of the following 19th century African American newspapers: Freedom's Journal, Coloured American, North Star, National Era, Provincial Freeman, Frederick Douglass Paper, and the Christian Recorder.
  
• Early American Newspapers Digital (currently covers 1750-1839)
  Currently provides full text access to six early American newspapers. When complete, this database will cover hundreds of newspapers from 1690 to 1820.
  
• Ethnic NewsWatch (1990 to present)
  A full-text collection of newspapers, magazines and journals of the ethnic, minority and native press, published in English and Spanish.
  
• LexisNexis Academic
  Provides searchable access to the full text of national and regional newspapers, including recent years of the New York Times, Washington Post, and the Christian Science Monitor; wire services; broadcast transcripts; and international news.
  
• New York Times Historical (1851-1999)
  Wall Street Journal Historical (1889-1995)
  Washington Post Historical (1877-1988)
  Christian Science Monitor Historical (1908-1991)
  Full page and article images with searchable full text back to the first issue.

Primary sources are the firsthand accounts by participants and observers in the events or time periods being investigated. Primary sources include diaries, letters, family records, statistics, speeches, interviews, autobiographies, film, government documents, or research studies published in scholarly journals.

You can find many primary source materials via EUCLID. See the "Finding Primary Sources via EUCLID" section of this guide for tips on how to restrict a EUCLID search to find primary sources.

The Manuscript, Archives & Rare Book Library (MARBL) (marbl@emory.edu, 727-6887) of the Woodruff Library is open to all researchers, including Emory undergraduates. Special Collections houses many primary source materials, including rare books, manuscript collections (correspondence, diaries, journals, speeches, photographs, audiovisual and electronic materials, etc.), and organizational records (meeting minutes, financial records, ledger, etc.), as well as other unpublished and published materials. Subject guides listing Special Collections materials are available for African American History and Culture, Civil Rights, African American Literature, and other selected subject areas.

The following databases will help you identify material in other archival and manuscript repositories:

• WorldCat
  Advanced searches in WorldCat may be limited to archival materials.
• RLIN Bibliographic File
  Search results in RLIN may be limited by material type of archival and mixed collections.
• National Union Catalog of Manuscript Collections
  Online access to manuscript collections throughout the country registered in the National Union Catalog of Manuscripts from the mid 1980s to the present.
• Archives USA
  Includes all the earlier entries from the printed volumes of the National Union Catalog of Manuscripts. Regularly updated.

To link directly to web sites of other manuscript and archives repositories, use Georgia Archival Repositories or Repositories of Primary Sources (nationwide).

Woodruff Library also has many collections of personal papers as well as records of political, religious, arts organizations available on microfilm. These materials can be identified via EUCLID. Microfilm and microfiche collections and guides are located on Level 1. Following are just a few examples of available collections:

Abolition & Emancipation
MICFILM 3413 (Guide to the collection at: MICROGUIDE 3413)

Garrison, William Lloyd. Microfilm Edition of the William Lloyd Garrison Papers, 1833-1882
MICFILM 3123 (Guide to the collection at: MICROGUIDE 3123)

National Association for the Advancement of Colored People. Papers of the NAACP
MICFILM 1273 (Guide to the collection at MICROGUIDE 1273)

Race, Slavery, and Free Blacks. Petitions to Southern County Courts, 1777-1867
MICFILM 4126 (Guide to the collection available at: http://www.lexisnexis.com/academic/guides/aaas/slavpet0201.pdf or in print at MICROGUIDE 4126)

Race, Slavery, and Free Blacks. Petitions to Southern Legislatures, 1777-1867
MICFILM 3551 (Guide to the collection at MICROGUIDE 3551)

Slave Trade Book and Pamphlet Collection, 1680-1865.
MICFILM 1528 (EUCLID contains records for indicidual items in this collection. Guide to the collection also available at MICROGUIDE 1528)

Slavery, Source Material and Critical Literature
MICFICHE 1414 (EUCLID contains records for individual items in this collection. Guide to the collection also available at http://microformguides.gale.com/SearchForm.asp or in print at MICROGUIDE 1414)

Tuskegee Institute News Clippings File
MICFILM 3398 (Guide to the collection at: MICROGUIDE 3398)

Schomburg Center Clipping File
MICFICHE 1410 (Guide to the collection at: MICROGUIDE 1410)

Hampton University Peabody Newspaper Clipping File
MICFICHE 1218 (Guide to the collection at: MICROGUIDE 1218)

• African American Biographical Database
  This resource brings together in one resource the biographies of thousands of African Americans, many not to be found in any other reference source.
  
• African American Lives
  Reference E185.96 .A446 2004
  
• African American Women : A Biographical Dictionary
  Reference E185.96 .A45 1993
  
• American National Biography 25 volumes (1999-2002)
  Reference CT213 .A68 1999
  The major biographical resource for U.S. History.
  
• Biography and Genealogy Master Index
  Locates biographical sketches in hundreds of biographical sources. Check EUCLID to see if Emory owns the sources cited.
  
• Biography Reference Bank
  Full text biographies and article references for approximately half a million individuals from antiquity to present, along with thousands of images.
  
• Biography Resource Center
  Provides biographical information from a variety of sources including the full text of many articles from the Dictionary of American Biography cited below.
  
• Contemporary Black Biography
  Reference DT18 .C63 V.1-37
  
• Dictionary of American Biography 22 volumes in 11 volume reprint (1958)
  Reference E176 .D56 1958
  An older, but still very useful set.
  
• Dictionary of American Negro Biography
  Reference E185.96 .D53 1982
  
• Notable Black American Men
  Reference E185.86 .N68 1999
  
• Notable Black American Women, Notable Black American Women
  Reference E185.96 .N68 1992, E185.96 .N683 1996

• Web sites can be valuable sources of information. Keep in mind the importance of carefully evaluating information you find on the web. In addition to using Google and other search engines, use resources developed by librarians, such as Librarians' Index to the Internet or the Scout Report. It is also possible to find web sites in EUCLID. Some may be found by a keyword search for "history web resource" or "African American web resource."
  
• An excellent guide to African American resources on the web is the Guide to the Web from the Stone Center Library for Black Culture and History.
  
• Woodruff Library's Internet Critical Evaluation guide provides tips on evaluating information on the web and on locating good web sites.
  
• Online!: A Reference Guide to Using Internet Sources includes tips on citing web sites using MLA, APA, or Chicago styles.

Citing Your Sources & Plagiarism

The following style manuals are available in print in the Woodruff Library and the Matheson Reading Room:

• The Chicago Manual of Style.
  Reference Desk Z253 .U69 1993
  
• MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers.
  Reference Desk LB2369 .G53 1999

EndNote is a software program that makes it possible to organize references in a database, which can be used to format citations and create bibliographies. EndNote is available at the Software Distribution Center in Cox Hall. There are versions for Windows and Macinstosh machines. See EndNote: Introduction and Reference for basic information on use of EndNote and availability of workshops at Emory.